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Mini Weather Sensor (KBQ-Weather Sonic X-70)

Mini Weather Sensor(KBQ-Weather Sonic X-70)

KBQ-WSX ultrasonic anemometer has advantage of light weigh, robust,no moving parts, free of maintenance and calibration on site, simultaneously output wind speed and direction. KBQ-WSX can be connected to computer or any other data acquisition module which has compatible communication protocol with it. KBQ-WSX has two communication interfaces for option, RS232 or RS485

Technical Specifications

	Principle	Range	Accuracy	Resolution
Model	KBQ-WSX
Signal Output	RS232/RS485
Power Supply	DC：7-24V
Data Output	1 per second
Power Consumption	120mA@12V
Material of Body	ASA
Communication Protocol	Modbus/NMEA-0183
Dimension	Ø144 * 248 mm
Operating Temperature	-40℃ - +70℃
Operating Humidity	0 - 100%
Wind Speed	Ultrasonic	0-70m/s	±2%	0.01m/s
Wind Direction	Ultrasonic	0-359	<3 degree	1 degree
Air Temperature	MEMS sensor	-40℃ - +80℃	±0.5℃	0.1℃
Air Humidity	MEMS sensor	-40 -+80	±0.5	0.1
Precipitation (Type : Rain/Hail/Snow ; Intensity : Rain)	Radar	0-100mm/hr	±10%	0.01mm
Solar Radiation	Silicon	0-2000 W/m2	±5%	1 W/m2

Apperance Sketch

There has two north arrow markers on ASA shell for easy observation from downward, front upward. ”N” on the top should be pointed toward to north, it’s also zero direction for the anemometer.

WIRING

For RS485 output, communication cable is four cores, connected as below:

Power	RS485
Red	Black	Yellow	Green
V+	GND	RS485 DA+	RS485 DB-

Procedure of confirmation of communication and wiring

3 seconds after wiring of our Device and correctly configuring serial communication tool, our instrument will output characters “>System Startup” in ASCII(0A 3E 53 79 73 74 65 6D 20 53 74 61 72 74 75 70 0D 0A in HEX), which indicate that our instrument is powered up. We can simply test its response by inputting “enter setting mode” command “3E 2A 0D 0A”. Our instrument will immediately respond “>CONFIGURE MODE” in ASCII(3E 43 4F 4E 46 49 47 55 52 45 20 4D 4F 44 45 0D 0A in HEX). So far , the communication test is finished, device is proven to be communicated successfully .

Installation Guidelines

The KBQ-WSX has been designed to meet and exceed the stringent standards listed in its specification. Operating in diverse environments all over the world, KBQ-WSX requires no calibration and adjustment whatsoever .

As with any sophisticated electronics, good engineering practice should be followed to ensure correct operation. Always check the installation to ensure the KBQ-WSX is not af fected by other equipment operating locally , which may not conform to current standards, e.g. radio/radar transmitters, boat engines, generators etc.

A void mounting in the plane of any radar scanner – a vertical separation of at least 2m should be achieved

·Radio transmitting antennas, the following minimum separations (all round) are suggested VHF
IMM – 1m
MF/HF – 5m
Satcom – 5m (avoid likely lines of sight)

Use cables recommended by us. If cables are cut and re-connected incorrectly (perhaps in a junction box) then EMC performance may be compromised if cable screen integrity is not maintained.
Earth loops should not be created – wire the system in accordance with the installation guidelines.
Ensure the power supply operates to the KBQ-WSX specification at all times.
Avoid turbulence caused by surrounding structures that will affect the accuracy of the KBQ-WSX such as trees, masts and buildings. Ideally sensors should be mounted on the prevailing wind side of the site

The WMO make the following recommendations: The standard exposure of wind instruments over level open terrain is 2m above the ground. Open terrain is defined as an area where the distance between the sensor and any obstruction is at least 10 times the height of the obstruction. If the sensor is to be mounted on a mast boom, part way up a tower or mast , then the boom should be at least twice as long as the minimum diameter or diagonal of the tower . The boom should be positioned on the prevailing wind side of the tower

Communication Protocol

ModBus-RTU

Modbus specification

Start Bit	1 Bit
Data Bit	8 Bit
Parity Bit	NONE
Stop Bit	1 Bit
Baud Rate	9600 Baud

Communication interface

Communication interface:RS485 or RS232, default interface: RS485°

Communication protocol

MODBUS Protocol - RTU Mode

Protocol description

MODBUS protocol defines a simple protocol data unit(PDU) independent from basic communication layer

MODBUS has two transmission mode: RTU and ASCII. Our sensor adopts RTU mode.

RTU transmission Mode

When controllers are setup to communicate on a Modbus network using RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) mode, each eight-bit byte in a message contains two four-bit hexadecimal characters. The main advantage of this mode is that its greater character density allows better data throughput than ASCII for the same baud rate. Each message must be transmitted in a continuous stream.

RTU mode serial bits

ModBus RTU message frame

CRC check

RTU Mode has Cyclical Redundancy Checking(CRC) on all content of message, no matter if there is an odd-even check or not. CRC check code is a 16 bits value composed by two 8 bits value and added as tail of message. After calculation, lower byte first then high byte. CRC higher byte is the last byte of message.

The CRC check code is calculated by sender . Receiver will recalculate CRC check code and compare it with CRC code received, if they are dif ferent, then there is an error happen during transmission.

ModBus Communication mode

Data Coding

MODBUS use ”big-Endian” to indicate address and data, which means when there is several bytes be sent out, the most significant bit is sent and received first

Register Size	Value
16 Bit	0 * 1234

Protocol of Device

Function code supported

Function Code Type	Length	Function Code (HEX)	Description
Data Access	16 Bit	03	Read data from internal register
Data Access	16 Bit	10	Write data from multiple register

Error code supported

Error Code	Description
01	Function Code Error
02	Register Address Error
03	Register Value Error
04	Device Busy

Internal Register Description

Register	Length	Data Type	Definition	Range
Register 1	16 Bit	16 Bit int	Device State	0x0000 ~ 0xFFFF Refer to AppendixI
Register 2	16 Bit	16 Bit int	Wind Direction	0 - 359
Register 3	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Wind Speed	0 - +70m/s
Register 4	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Wind Speed	0 - +70m/s
Register 5	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Temperature	-40 - +80°C
Register 6	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Temperature	-40 - +80°C
Register 7	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Humidity	0 - 100%
Register 8	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Humidity	0 - 100%
Register 13	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Precipitation intensity	Single - precision
Register 14	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Precipitation intensity	Single - precision
Register 15	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Accumulated precipitation	Single - precision
Register 16	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Accumulated precipitation	Single - precision
Register 34	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Solar Radiation Power	W/m²
Register 35	16 Bit	32 Bit float	Solar Radiation Power	W/m²

Note: Starting address of registers is from zero, E.g. address of register 1 is 0x0000

32 bit float type formate

D3	D2	D1	D0
Higher byte	Middle byte 1	Middle byte 2	Lower byte

Format of data stored in register

Definition	Register	Bit	Byte position
Wind Speed
	Register 2-higher byte	Register 2-lower byte	Register 3-higher byte	Register 3-lower byte
	8 bit	8 bit	8 bit	8 bit
	D1	D0	D3	D2

Parameters Setting Commands

Following parameters can be set by users.

Commands		Content	Response
Instruction1	ASCII	>*\r\n	>CONFIGUREMODE\r\n
Instruction1	HEX	3E 2A 0D 0A	0A 3E 43 4F 4E 46 49 47 55 52 45 20 4D 4F 44 45 0D 0A
Remark	Enter Setting Mode
Instruction2	ASCII	>CUS96008-N-1	>CMD IS SET
Instruction2	HEX	3E 43 55 53 20 39 36 30 30 20 38 2D 4E 2D 31 0D 0A	3E 43 4D 44 20 49 53 20 53 45 54 0D 0A
Remark	Configure serial port configuration as Baud Rate 9600bps ; Data bits : 8 bits ; Parity : NONE ; Stop bits : 1 bit
Instruction3	ASCII	>ID2\r\n	>CMD IS SET
Instruction3	HEX	3E 49 44 20 32 0D 0A	3E 43 4D 44 20 49 53 20 53 45 54 0D 0A
Remark	Configure address of device as 2. Inquiry address command is HEX : 3E 49 44 0D 0A
Instruction4	ASCII	>RESET\r\n	System Start ok! \r\n
Instruction4	HEX	3E 52 45 53 45 54 0D 0A	53 79 73 74 65 6D 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 6F 6B 21 0D 0A
Remark	Reboot device
Instruction5	ASCII	>!\r\n	>NORMAL MODE \r\n
Instruction5	HEX	3E 21 0D 0A	3E 4E 4F 52 4D 41 4C 20 4D 4F 44 45 0D 0A
Remark	Exit Setting Mode to Normal Mode
Instruction6	ASCII	>DEBUGEN\r\n	Ustart In Debug Mode\r\n
Instruction6	HEX	3E 44 45 42 55 47 45 4E 0D 0A	55 73 61 72 74 20 49 6E 20 44 65 62 75 67 20 4D 6F 64 65 0D 0A
Remark	Enter Secondary Setting Mode (only for WDS Series, WDS Series don't need to enter this mode)

Setting Procedures

Function	Instructions
Set Communication Address	SA / KBQ :1→3→16 KBQ :1→3→5→4
Set Serial Port Parameters	SA / KBQ :1→2→16 KBQ :1→2→5→4
Set System Time	SA / KBQ :7→16 KBQ :1→6→7→17→5→4
Set accumulated precipitation automatic clear period	SA / KBQ :9→16 KBQ :1→6→9→17→5→4
Manually reset Accumulated precipitation(to zero)	10
Change2 minutes calculate period	SA / KBQ :1→11→16→4 KBQ :1→11→5→4
Change10 minutes calculate period	SA / KBQ :1→12→16→4 KBQ :1→12→5→4
Change output wind speed unit	SA / KBQ :1→13→16→4 KBQ :1→13→5→4
Change Gust calculate period	SA / KBQ :1→14→16→4 SA / KBQ :1→14→16→4
Inquiry System time	SA / KBQ :15 KBQ :1→6→15→17→5→4

NOTE

Above commands are applicable on our weather station. System time is a key parameter,since accumulated daily solar radiation will be reset to zero at 00:00 by internalsystem ofour device. Accumulated precipitation automatic clear period is counting down from the moment Device is poweredon, notfrom the momentyou changeaccumulated precipitation automatic Clear period (FunctionNo.4). Accumulated solar radiation is automatically reset as zero at 00:00 every day. Default precipitation automatic reset period is 3600 days. Once you enter secondarysetting mode, you have to exit it by inputting command 17 Or power off-on sensor,otherwise it will keep staying in setting mode where you can’t access to any data.

Appendix CRC Varification

The CRC we are using is 16 bits, lower byte comes first. The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field is two bytes which contain 16 bits binary v a l u e . T h e value of the CRC appended to the message is calculated by the transmitting device. When receiving the message, the receiving device recalculates the CRC value and compares the calculated result with the actual received CRC value. If the two values are not equal, it is an error . During the generation of CRC, each 8-bits characters are XOR with the value in the register . The result then shifts 1 bit in the LSB direction, while the MSB position is charged to zero. Then extract and check LSB: if LSB is 1, the value in the register is XOR with a fixed preset value; if LSB is 0, no XOR operation is performed. This process will be repeated until 8 shifts have been performed. After the last (8th) shift and related operations, the next 8-bit byte is XOR with the current value of the register , and then repeat 8 times as described above. The final value in the register obtained after all sub sections of the message are calculated is CRC

Procedure of calculating a CRC:

Load a 16 bit register with hexadecimal FFFF (all 1). Call it CRC register
XOR the first byte of 8 bits in message with the low er byte of the 16 bit CRC register, and place the result in the CRC register
Move the CRC register to the right by 1 bit (in the direction of LSB), fill the MSB with zero, extract and detect LSB
If LSB is 0: repeat step 3 (do another shift) (if LSB is 1): conduct XOR operation with CRC register
Repeat steps 3 and 4 until 8 shifts have been completed. When this is done, the full 8-bit byte operation will be completed.
Repeat steps 2 to 5 for the next byte in the message, and continue the operation until all messages are processed.
The final content in CRC register is CRC value
When placing CRC value in message, as described below, higher and lower byte must be exchanged.

Appendix transform HEX to float data.

Use C language’s subfunction to transform 4 bytes(HEX) as float data( C language) union { float TestData_Float; unsigned char TestArray[4]; }TData;

Analysis example:

D3	D2	D1	D0
Higher byte of resgister 2	Lower byte of register 2	Higher byte of resgister 1	Lower byte of register 1
40	AC	19	DF
Higher byte	Middle byte 1	Middle byte 2	Lower byte

After transformed to float data, value: 5.378
Subfunction: float Tempfloat;
TData. TestArray [3]= 0x40; //input higher byte
TData.T estArray [2]= 0xac; //
TData.TestArray [1]= 0x19; //
TData.TestArray [0]= 0xdf; //input lower byte
Tempfloat = TData.T estData_Float;

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